A 29-year-old man is evaluated following a syncopal episode in his office for approximately 60 seconds. There was no prodrome of dizziness, palpitations, nausea, or chest pain. He has had no previous similar episodes; He has noticed exertional dyspnea and occasional palpitations for the last 3 years. He takes no medications. On examination, HR 50/min and BP 125/75 mm Hg with no orthostatic changes. There is no jugular venous distention, with normal carotid upstrokes. Lungs are clear. Cardiac examination shows a grade 3/6 systolic murmur at the left sternal border that increases with the Valsalva maneuver. A soft S4 is present, ECG shows sinus bradycardia, first- degree atrioventricular block, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Which of the following is the most likely cardiac diagnosis in this patient?
سؤال مجاني 3 من 10 اليوم · اشترك وكمّل بدون حد
اعرض الإجابة
الإجابة والشرح
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الإجابة: D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A young man with exertional dyspnea, syncope, an S4, LVH and a systolic murmur at the left sternal border that increases with Valsalva has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Valsalva lowers venous return, which softens almost all murmurs except HCM (and MVP). Hypertensive cardiomyopathy is unlikely with normal BP; restrictive/dilated cardiomyopathy would not produce this dynamic murmur.
ليش كل خيار صح أو غلط
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B
ليش غلط
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is an infiltrative cause (amyloid, sarcoid, haemochromatosis) of diastolic dysfunction, not the cause of a Valsalva-sensitive murmur.
✓ (Y4)-(M B) HF.pdf · p. 4 -
C
ليش غلط
Dilated cardiomyopathy is listed among causes of an S3 (systolic HF); this patient has an S4 and a murmur that increases with Valsalva.
✓ 8• Heart Sounds & Murmurs [Notes].pdf · p. 2 -
D
ليش صح
With Valsalva (less venous return) all murmurs soften except HCM, whose murmur gets louder; this fits his murmur.
✓ 8• Heart Sounds & Murmurs [Notes].pdf · p. 8
- المصدر
- 8• Heart Sounds & Murmurs [Notes].pdf · p. 8
9• Valvular Heart Diseases [Notes].pdf · p. 8 - المحاضرة
- Heart Failure · Cardiology · Module B
- ظهر في
- Cardio bank