Urology (old exams)

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فيها الخلاصة (11) · النقاط المهمة (31) · المحاضرة كاملة (48) · أخطاء شائعة (8) نقطة، وكل نقطة معها ملفها وصفحتها.

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No dedicated urology lecture slides or student urology summary in the files; page is built from clinical-approach notes (view-material), nephrology notes and surgery notes
Prostate biopsy technique (TRUS / MRI-targeted) and PSA cut-offs
CT urography and urine cytology in the hematuria work-up; smoking as the main bladder-cancer risk factor
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer management (radical cystectomy), TURBT, 3-way catheter irrigation for clot retention
Tumour-marker pattern of seminoma vs non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly (whether to treat)
Failed urethral catheterisation (suprapubic catheter contraindications, cystoscopy-guided catheter)
Stone types (calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine, struvite) and specific prevention (citrate)
Choice of ESWL vs ureteroscopy vs PCNL by stone size/site
Emphysematous pyelonephritis and renal abscess drainage
Erection physiology (what maintains the flaccid state)
Significance of a right-sided varicocele (renal mass / IVC obstruction)
That 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (not alpha-blockers) shrink the prostate — sources list finasteride but don't state the mechanism
C-122 (epigastric pain with CT finding) — topic not identifiable from the stem or sources

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