Ringer's lactate contains Na 130 mEq/L, i.e. less sodium than plasma (A false). Gastric (NG) losses cause metabolic alkalosis, which the notes correct with normal saline, not LR (B false). The cohort table groups LR with the isotonic crystalloids, so the sources support C. The old bank keys D because, strictly, LR is slightly hypo-osmolar and acidic (pH about 6.5), which is why the bank keys D. The LR pH itself is not stated in the sources. Know both.